When evaluating the performance of mutual funds, investors often come across metrics like CAGR and XIRR in mutual funds. While both help in understanding investment returns, they apply in different contexts and are used for various types of investment scenarios.
This article will clarify the meaning of XIRR and CAGR, highlight their differences, and help you decide which metric suits your needs best.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is a valuable metric that calculates the average annual return of an investment across a defined timeframe. It shows how much an investment grows each year on average, based on the assumption that returns are reinvested and compounded annually.
This metric is particularly useful for assessing investments that grow steadily over time, such as mutual funds or stocks. CAGR offers a consistent and standardized way to compare the returns of different investments. It is determined based on the starting value, ending value, and the overall time span of the investment.
Formula:
CAGR = (Ending Value / Starting Value)^(1 / Number of Years) – 1
Example:
You invest ₹80,000 in a mutual fund on April 1, 2017. By April 1, 2022, it grows to ₹1,05,000.
This means your investment grew at an average annual rate of 5.72%, assuming steady compounding.
XIRR, which stands for Extended Internal Rate of Return, is a widely used method for evaluating how well an investment performs, especially with varying cash flows. It takes into account both the timing and the amount of cash flows during the investment period. XIRR computes the return rate at which the net present value of all cash inflows and outflows becomes zero.
Unlike simpler metrics such as CAGR, XIRR is designed to handle irregular cash flows occurring at different times, making it ideal for evaluating investments with varied transaction patterns.
XIRR accounts for irregular cash flows and uses Excel’s iterative method.
Excel Formula:
=XIRR(values, dates, [guess])
Example:
Values: -70,000, -30,000, 1,15,000
Dates: 15/01/2022, 15/06/2022, 31/12/2022
Using =XIRR(values, dates) in Excel gives your annualized return, accurately reflecting the timing of each cash flow.
When evaluating investment performance, especially in mutual funds, comparing CAGR vs XIRR becomes essential to choose the most accurate metric based on your investment style.
Criteria | CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) | XIRR (Extended Internal Rate of Return) |
Definition | CAGR reflects the mean yearly growth rate of an investment over a set period, assuming the returns are compounded annually. | XIRR determines the yearly rate of return for investments involving multiple transactions occurring on various dates. |
Cash Flow Pattern | Assumes a single investment and no intermediate transactions. | Tailored for investments with irregular or multiple cash flows, like Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) or partial redemptions. |
Application | Best suited for one-time investments made at the start of the investment horizon. | Best suited for Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs), top-ups, or any staggered investment. |
Accuracy | Less accurate when cash flows occur at various times. | More accurate in real-life scenarios with varying investment timings and amounts. |
Time Factor | Assumes a fixed duration and reinvestment at the same rate annually. | Considers exact dates of each transaction for precise return calculation. |
Calculation Method | Simple formula using beginning value, ending value, and duration. | Needs tools such as Excel or specialized financial software for accurate calculation. |
Ease of Use | Easy to calculate manually and understand. | More complex and not easily computed without tools. |
Flexibility | Limited, as it doesn't accommodate multiple cash flows. | Highly flexible; accommodates any number of transactions on varying dates. |
Use in Mutual Fund Reporting | Commonly used in fund factsheets for historical performance. | Commonly used for analyzing personal portfolios. |
Investment Behavior Reflected | Assumes steady growth over the entire investment period. | Reflects actual investment activity, including amounts and timing of inflows/outflows. |
Note: If you’re looking to invest in top-rated mutual funds, using XIRR can help you compare the performance of funds, especially when you're contributing at different times. This ensures a more informed and accurate evaluation of potential returns.
Metric | Benefits | Limitations |
CAGR | - Simple and easy to calculate - Useful for one-time investments - Effective for comparing mutual fund performance | - Doesn’t handle multiple cash flows - Ignores investment timing - Can be misleading for SIPs |
XIRR | - Suitable for real-life investments with irregular flows - Considers the timing and amount of each transaction - More accurate return metric for SIPs | - Complex to calculate manually - Requires use of Excel or tools - Not intuitive without technical knowledge |
The decision to use CAGR or XIRR primarily depends on the structure of your investment. If your investment is a one-time lump sum, CAGR gives a quick and simple snapshot of its annual growth. It’s ideal for straightforward investments where there are no additional contributions or withdrawals.
On the other hand, XIRR is the better metric if your investment involves multiple transactions at different points in time, like SIPs, top-ups, or partial redemptions. It considers both the timing and amount of each transaction, providing a more precise representation of your portfolio’s true performance.
So, if your investment journey is linear and consistent, CAGR works well. But if it includes multiple inflows and outflows, XIRR gives you a truer picture of returns.
Both metrics, CAGR and XIRR, have their rightful place. The goal isn’t to choose the most flattering figure, but the most accurate and relevant one for your investment pattern. By aligning the metric to your strategy, you’ll get a clearer picture of performance and make smarter investment decisions.
XIRR is generally more accurate than CAGR, especially when there are multiple investments made at different times (e.g., SIPs). While CAGR assumes a single lump sum investment with consistent compounding, XIRR reflects real-world cash flow timing and provides a more precise return rate.
XIRR is typically more suitable for investments involving multiple transactions, like SIPs, as it factors in both the dates and amounts of each cash flow. Absolute Return, while easier to calculate, does not consider how long the money was invested and can be misleading for long-term or staggered investments.
XIRR may turn out negative when the total withdrawals or cash outflows surpass the incoming funds or gains. This indicates a net loss over the investment period, accounting for the timing of each transaction.
The key distinction between XIRR vs IRR is in their handling of cash flow dates. IRR assumes that all cash flows occur at regular intervals, while XIRR allows for cash flows on specific dates, making it suitable for real-life investment scenarios with irregular transactions.
There’s no direct formula to convert XIRR to CAGR because they are based on different assumptions. However, if the cash flows are made only once at the beginning and the return is received at the end, XIRR and CAGR will yield similar results. For multiple cash flows, they can differ significantly and are not interchangeable.